Showing posts with label HTML Tutorial. Show all posts

Tuesday, May 10, 2011

HTML Fonts and Backgrounds

9:06 PM Aaz Web Programming No comments

HTML Fonts

The <font> tag in HTML is deprecated. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed the tag from its recommendations. In future versions of HTML, style sheets (CSS) will be used to define the layout and display properties of HTML elements.

The <font> Tag Should NOT be used.

Backgrounds

The <body> tag has two attributes where you can specify backgrounds. The background can be a color or an image.

Bgcolor

The bgcolor attribute specifies a background-color for an HTML page. The value of this atrribute can be a hexadecimal number, an RGB value, or a color name :

The lines above all set the background-color to black.

Background

The background attribute can also specify a background-image for an HTML page. The value of this attribute is the URL of the image you want to use. If the image is smaller than the browser window, the image will repeat itself until it fills the entire browser window.

<body background="clouds.gif">
<body background="http://profdevtrain.austincc.edu/html/graphics/clouds.gif">

The URL can be elative (as in the first line above) or absolute (as in second line above).

If you want to use a background image, you should keep in mind :

Will the background image increase the loading time too much?
Will the background image look good with other images on the page?
Will the background image look good with the text colors on the page?
Will the background image look good when it is repeated on the page?
Will the background image take away the focus from the text?

Note: The bgcolor, background, and the text attributes in the tag are deprecated in the latest versions of HTML (HTML 4 and XHTML). The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has removed these attributes from its recommendations. Style sheets (CSS) should be used instead (to define the layout and display properties of HTML elements).

Try It Out!

Open your text editor and type the following text :

<html>
<head>
<title>My First Webpage</title>
</head>
<body background="http://profdevtrain.austincc.edu/html/graphics/clouds.gif" bgcolor="#EDDD9E">
<h1 align="center">My First Webpage</h1>
<p>Welcome to my <strong>first</strong> webpage. I am writing this page using a text editor and plain old html.</p>
<p>By learning html, I'll be able to create webpages like a <del>beginner</del> pro....<br>
which I am of course.</p>
</body>
</html>

Save your page as mypage3.html and view it in your browser. To view how the page should look, visit this web page: http://profdevtrain.austincc.edu/html/mypage3.html

Notice we gave our page a background color as well as a background image. If for some reason the web page is unable to find the picture, it will display our background color.

HTML Character Entities

7:43 PM Aaz Web Programming No comments

Some characters have a special meaning in HTML, like the less than sign (<) that defines the start of an HTML tag. If we want the browser to actually display these characters we must insert character entities in place of the actual characters themselves.

The Most Common Character Entities

A character entity has three parts: an ampersand (&), an entity name or an entity number, and finally a semicolon (;). The & means we are beginning a special character, the ; means ending a special character and the letters in between are sort of an abbreviation for what it's for. To display a less than sign in an HTML document we must write: < or < The advantage of using a name instead of a number is that a name is easier to remember. The disadvantage is that not all browsers support the newest entity names, while the support for entity numbers is very good in almost all browsers.

Note : Entities are case sensitive.

Non-breaking Space
The most common character entity in HTML is the non-breaking space . Normally HTML will truncate spaces in your text. If you add 10 spaces in your text, HTML will remove 9 of them. To add spaces to your text, use the character entity.

To see a list of character entities, visit this page:
http://profdevtrain.austincc.edu/html/entities.htm

Basic HTML Tags

8:47 AM Aaz Web Programming 1 comment

The most important tags in HTML are tags define headings, paragraphs and line breaks.

Basic HTML Tags

Tag	Description
<html>	Defines an HTML document
<body>	Defines the document's body
<h1> to <h6>	Defines header 1 to header 6
<p>	Defines a paragraph
<br>	Inserts a single line break
<hr>	Defines a horizontal rule
<!-->	Defines a comment

Headings

Headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the largest heading while <h6> defines the smallest.

<h1>This is a heading</h1>

<h2>This is a heading</h2>

<h3>This is a heading</h3>

<h4>This is a heading</h4>

<h5>This is a heading</h5>

<h6>This is a heading</h6>

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a heading. A useful heading attribute is align.

<h5 align="left">I can align headings</h5>
<h5 align="center">This is a centered heading</h5>
<h5 align="right">This is a heading aligned to the right</h5>

Paragraphs
Paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag. Think of a paragraph as a block of text. You can use the align attribute with a paragraph tag as well.

<p align="left">This is a paragraph</p>
<p align="center">This is another paragraph</p>

Important : You must indicate paragraphs with <p> elements. A browser ignores amy indentations or blank lines in the source text. Without <p> elemnet, thhe document becomes one large paragraph. HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after a paragraph.

Line Breaks
The <br> tag is used when you want to start a new line, but don't want to start a new paragraph. The <br> tag forces a line break wherever you place it. It is simial to single spacing in a document.

This Code	Would Display
<p>This<br>is a para<br>graph with line breaks</p>	This is a para graph with line breaks

Notice you don't see the text between the tags . If you look at the source code, you would see the comment. To view the source code for this page, in your browser window, select View and then select Source.

Note : You need an exclamation point after the opening bracket .

HTML automatically adds an extra blank line before and after some elements, like before and after a paragraph, and before and after a heading. If you want to insert blank lines into your document, use the <br> tag.

Try It Out!
Open your text editor and type the following text :

<html>
<head>
<title>My First Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">My First Webpage</h1>
<p>Welcome to my first web page. I am writing this page using a text editor and plain old html.</p>
<p>By learning html, I'll be able to create web pages like a pro....<br>
which I am of course.</p>
</body>
</html>

Save the page as mypage2.html. Open the file in your Internet browser. To view how the page should look, visit this web page: http://profdevtrain.austincc.edu/html/mypage2.html

Other HTML Tags
As mentioned before, there are logical styles that describe what the text should be and physical styles which actually provide physical formatting. It is recommended to use the logical tags and use style sheets to style the text in those tags.

Some Examples :
The following paragraph uses the <blockquote> tag. In the previous sentence, the blockquote tag is enclosed in the <samp> Sample tag.

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Although most browsers render blockquoted text by indenting it, that's not specifically what it's designed to do. It's conceivable that some future browser may render blockquoted text in some other way. However, for the time being, it is perfectly safe to indent blocks of text with the <blockquote>.

When you hold your mouse pointer over the WWW, text in the title attrribute will appear in.

HTML Tags

8:33 AM Aaz Web Programming 4 comments

What are HTML Tags?

HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements
HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and >
The surrounding characters are called angle brackets
HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
The text between the start and end tags is the element content
HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>

Logical vs. Physical Tags

In HTML there are both logical tags and physical tags. Logical tags are designed to describe (to the browser) the enclosed text's meaning. An example of a logical tag is the <strong> </strong> tag. By placing text in between these tags you are telling the browser that the text has some greater importance. By default all browsers make the text appear bold when in between the <strong and </strong> tags.

Physical tags on the other hand provide specific instructions on how to display the text they enclose.

Examples of physical tags include :

<b> : Makes the text bold.
<big> : Makes the text usually one size bigger than what's around it.
<i> : Makes text italic.

Physical tags were invented to add style to HTML pages because style sheets were not around, thought the original intention of HTML was to not have physical tags. Rather than use physical tags to style your HTML pages, you should use style sheets.

HTML Elements

Remember the HTML from the previous page :

<html>
<head>
<title>My irst Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>

This is an HTML element :

<b>This text is bold</b>

The HTML element beginds with a start tag : <b>
The content of the HTML element is : This text is bold
The HTML elemnets ends with an end tag : </b>

The purpose of the <b> tag is to define an HTML element that should be displayed as bold.

This is also an HTML element :

<body>
This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>body
</body>

This HTML element starts with the start tag <body>, and ends with the tag </body>. The pupose of the <body> tag is to define the HTML elementthat contains the body of the HTML document.

Nested Tags
You may have noticed in the example above, the <body> tag also contains other tags, like the <b> tab. When you enclose an element in with multiple taggs, the last tag opened should be the first tag closed.
For Example :

<p><b><em>This is NOT the proper way to close nested tags.</p></em></p>
<p><b><em>This is the proper way to close nested tags.</em></b></p>

Note : It doesn't matter which tag is first, but they must be closed in the proper order.

Why Use Lowercase Tags?
YOu may notice we've used lowercase tags even though I saud that HTML tags are not case sensitive. <B> means the same as <b>. The World Wide Web Consortium <W3C>, the group responsible for daveloping web standards, recommends lowercase tags in their HTML 4 recommendation, and XHTML (the next generation HTML) requires lowercase tags.

Tag Attributes
Tags can have attributes. Attributes can provide additional information about the HTML elements on your page. The <tag> tells the browser to do something, while the attribute tells the browser how to do it. For instance, if we add the bgcolor attribute, we can tell the browser that the background color of your page should be blue, like this : <body bgcolor="blue">.

This tag defines an HTML table : <table>. With an added border attribute, you can tell the browser that the table should have no borders : <table border ="0">. Attributes always come in name/value pairs like this : name="value". Attributes are always added to the start tag of an HTML element and the value is surrounded by quotes.

Quote Style, "red" or 'red'?
Attribute values should always be enclose in quotes. Double style quotes are the most common, but single style quotes are also allowed. In some rare situations, like when the attribute value itself contains quotes, it is necessary to use single quotes :

name='George "machine Gun" kellly'

Note : Some tags we will discuss are deprecated, meaning the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) the governing body that sets HTML, XML, CSS, and other technical standards decided those tags and attributes are marked for deletion in future version of HTML an XHTML. Browser should continue to support deprecated tags and attributes, but eventually these tags are likely to become obsolete and so future support cannot be guaranted.

For a complete list of tags, visit W3C.org

SEE VIDEO

HTML Basic

12:26 AM Aaz Web Programming 2 comments

Welcome to HTML Basic. This Learning leads you through the basics of Hyper Text Markup Languange (HTML). HTML is the building block for web pages. You will learn to use HTML to author an HTML page to display in a web browser.

Objectives:

By the end of this learning, you will be able to:

Use a text editor to author an HTML document.
Be able to use basic tags to denote paragraphs, emphasis or special type.
Create hyperlinks to other documents.
Create an email link.
Add images to your document.
Use a table for for layout
Apply colors to your HTML document.

Prerequisites:

You will need a text editor, such as Notepad and an Internet browser, such as Internet Explorer or Firefox.

Aaz : What is Notepad and where do I get it?

Admin : Notepad is the default Windows text editor. On most Windows system, click your Start button and choose Programs then Accessories. It should be a little blue notebook.

Mac Users : Simple Text is the default text editor on the Mac. In OSX ude TextEdit and change the following preferences: Select (in the preferences window) Plain text instead of Rich text and then select Ignore rich text commands in HTML files. This is very important because if you don't do this HTML codes probably won't work.

One thing you should avoid using is a word processor (like Microsoft Word) for authoring your HTML documents.

What is an HTML file?

HTML is a format that tells a computer how to display a web page. The documents themselves are plain text files with special "tags" or codes that a web browser uses to interpreting and display information on your computer screen.

HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
An Html file is a text file containing small markup tags
The markup tags tell the Web browser how to display the page
An HTML file must have an htm or html file extension

Try It?

Open your text editor and type the following text:

<html>
<head>
<title>My irst Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
This is my first homepage. <b>This text is bold</b>
</body>
</html>

Save the file as mypage.html. Start your Internet browser. Select Open (or Open Page) in the File menu of your browser. A dialog box will appear. Select Browser (or Choose File) and locate the html file you just created - mypage.html - select and click Open. Now you should see an address in the dialog box, for example C:\MyDocuments\mypage.html. Click OK, and the browse will display the page.

Example Explained

What you just made is a skeleton html document. This is the minimum required information for a web document and all web document should contain these basic components. The first tag in tour html document is <html>. This tag tellls your browser that this is the start of an html documen. The last tag in your document </html>. This tag tells your browser that this is end of the html document.

The text between the <head> tag and the </head> tag header information. Header information. Header information is not displayed in the browser window.

The text between the <title> tags is the title of your document. The <title> tag is used to uniquely identify each document and is also displayed in the title bar of the browser window.

The text between the <body> tags is the text that will be displayed in your browser.

The text between the <b> and </b> tags will be displayed in a bold font.

HTML or HTML Extension?

When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html extension. The .html extension comes from the past when some of the commonly used software only allowed three letter extension. It is perfectly safe to use either .html or .htm, but be consistent. mypage.html and mypage.html are treated as different files by the browser.

How to View HTML Source

A good way to learn HTML it to look at how other people have coded their html pages. To find out, simply click on the View option in your browsers toolbar and select Source or Page Source. This will open a window that shows you the actual HTML of the page. Go ahead and view the Source html for this page.

SEE VIDEO

source video : www.youtube.com

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